What is nitrofurantoin?
Nitrofurantoin is a type of medicine used for treating urinary tract infections (UTIs), which include bladder infections (cystitis), urethra infections (urethritis), and kidney infections (pyelonephritis). It works by killing the bacteria responsible for causing these infections. Unlike some other antibiotics, nitrofurantoin gets passed out of the body through urine, which helps it target the infection directly in the urinary tract.
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Uses of nitrofurantoin
- Used to treat uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections
- Used for gram-positive and gram-negative organisms
- Used to treat cystitis
Side Effects of nitrofurantoin
Common Side Effects
- Feeling sick (nausea)
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
- Headaches
- Dizziness or feeling sleepy
- Pale stool and dark urine, yellow eyes or skin
- Unexplained bruises or bleeding, sore throat, tiredness, or fever
Serious Side Effects
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Swelling of the face, eye, lips, mouth, tongue, or throat
- Bloody stools that cause stomach cramps
- Vision changes or eye pain
- Dark urine, yellowing of the skin or eyes, fatigue, pain or discomfort in the right upper stomach area and loss of appetite
How does nitrofurantoin work?
Nitrofurantoin works by going into bacteria cells and messing up their DNA, stopping them from fixing themselves or multiplying, which helps clear up infections like UTIs. It usually starts working fast, often clearing up UTIs in 3 to 7 days. Even if you feel better sooner, it’s important to finish all the pills to make sure all the bacteria are gone. It’s really good at treating UTIs, with studies showing it works in up to 97% of cases. Usually, you’ll start feeling better within a day or two, and if not, it’s important to see a doctor. Sometimes, though, it might not work, especially if the bacteria are resistant. If that happens, your doctor can suggest other treatments.
When should I get tested for a UTI?
If you think you have a UTI (urinary tract infection), it’s important to get tested as soon as possible after you notice symptoms. This helps prevent any health issues. If your symptoms are getting worse or haven’t improved after a few days, it’s especially important to see a doctor.
If you often get UTIs, talk to your doctor. Men with UTI symptoms, those with symptoms after surgery, or anyone whose UTI symptoms return after treatment should also get tested. Early treatment lowers the risk of health problems, so don’t hesitate to get checked if you’re worried. Leaving a UTI untreated can lead to serious health complications.
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Who should avoid this medication?
People having a history of liver or jaundice problems caused by taking nitrofurantoin, kidney patients, last 2 to 4 weeks of pregnancy and those with less urination than normal should avoid this medication.
Nitrofurantoin Dosage
For treating a urinary tract infection (UTI):
- Adults: Take either one 100mg slow-release capsule twice a day or one 50mg standard tablet/capsule four times a day. If the infection is severe, you might need to take one 100mg standard tablet/capsule four times a day.
- Children: The doctor will decide the right dose based on weight or age.
Disclaimer
Always take medications as your doctor prescribed, or as directed by your pharmacist.
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